Hop utilization is the percentage of alpha acids that is isomerized and remains in the finished beer. The utilization of the bitter substances rarely exceeds 40% in commercial breweries and is often as low as 25% (31).

Now the tanks are made by stainless steel and with insulation. To reduce oxygenation, mash should be pumped from bottom. At the bottom of lauter tank install 2-6 adjustable mash inlet valve and pumping process finished within 10 minutes. To avoid oxygenation, the flow speed should lower 1m/s.At the

Sometimes, the filtering wort is so slow or even stop up, then it will takes longer time for wort filtering and it is not good for wort quality. The reasons for this situation may be the bad quality of the raw materials which caused terrible mashing and high-viscosity wort, or the misoperation durin