Hops are harvested once a year, starting in mid-August and ending in early September. Hops are used in the brewing process to add aroma and bitterness. Typically, all beers contain at least one hop variety, in order to balance the sweetness of the malt with the bitterness of the hop. The strength of

The lauter tun is the most widely employed wort separation vessel system in North America and Europe. Lauter tuns are, in general, designed much like infusion mash tuns, but they are wider and shallower. Like the mash tun, filtering is through slots in a false bottom that supports the grain bed. How

After mashing, when the starch has been broken down, the next step is to separate the liquid extract (the wort) from the residual undissolved solid materials found in the mash. Wort separation is important because the solids contain large amounts of protein, poorly modified starch, fatty material, s