How is beer carbonated? That’s actually a question that has far more answers than you’d think, and to some beer fans, is serious enough to dictate whether they will drink a beer or not.

Anyone who works with brewer’s yeast knows they need to give it a pretty cushy work environment to maintain its function. When yeast cells aren’t happy – say, because they’re unhealthy, run out of nutrients to digest or colleagues to do their share of the task – they stop doing their job. If you’ve

Yeasts need oxygen to convert the sugars in the wort into alcohol and CO2 – turning the sugary malt water into a delicious and complex beer. During the wort boiling process, most of the oxygen is dissipated from the solution. To put much-needed oxygen back into the wort, home brewers use a technique