Historically, the style of beer that can be brewed in a region has both benefited from and been limited by local water quality. The water in Ireland, for example, is rich in calcium ions and bicarbonate, balanced by the acidity of roasted barley, which makes for a dry world. The water in the Pilsen region of the Czech Republic is extremely soft and contains almost no mineral salt, giving rise to the Bohemian Style of Pilsen. The water in Bolton Trent is extremely hard and rich in calcium sulfate and bicarbonate, which aggravates the bitter taste of hops and makes the mouth plump and dry, resulting in the British IPA.

The basic operation of decoction mashing is to take out a part of the mash and boil it, then pour it back into the main mash tank to maintain a constant mash temperature. There are two purposes for boiling part of the mash: Use physical methods to destroy the cell wall of starch cells in malt. Boili

Beer mashing is one of the most important processes in wort preparation. In the process of mash, water and crushed malt are fully combined. Under the action of various enzymes of malt, the soluble substances in the wort are thoroughly leached, and the wort is fermented into beer under the action of